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Johann Rattenhuber
Johann Rattenhuber (30 April 1897 – 30 June 1957), also known as Hans Rattenhuber, was a German police and SS general (''Gruppenführer'', i. e. Generalleutnant). Rattenhuber was the head of German dictator Adolf Hitler's personal ''Reichssicherheitsdienst'' (Reich Security Service; RSD) bodyguard from 1933 to 1945.
==Biography==
Rattenhuber was born in Munich, where he made a career as a police officer. During World War I he served in the 16th and 13th Bavarian Infantry Regiments. He also served in the ''Freikorps''. On 15 March 1933 he was appointed head of one of Hitler's personal bodyguard units then known as the ''Führerschutzkommando'' (Führer protection command; FSK).〔Joachimsthaler (1999), p. 288〕 His deputy was Peter Högl. Its original members were Bavarian criminal-police officers.〔Hoffmann (2000), p. 36〕 They were charged with protecting the Führer only while he was inside the borders of Bavaria which was the area of their authority.〔Hoffmann (2000), p. 32〕 In the spring of 1934, the ''Führerschutzkommando'' replaced the ''SS-Begleitkommando'' for Hitler's overall protection throughout Germany.〔
The FSK was officially renamed the ''Reichssicherheitsdienst'' (RSD) on 1 August 1935.〔 The unit should not be confused with the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' or SD. However, the unit was technically on the staff of ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler with the member's wearing the uniform of the SS with the SD diamond on their lower left sleeve.〔Felton (2014), p. 18〕 His was a unit created to provide personal security to members of the top Nazi leadership. He was head of Hitler's bodyguard at the time of the unsuccessful July 20 plot to assassinate Hitler during the summer of 1944.
As RSD chief, Rattenhuber was responsible for securing Hitler's field headquarters. This included the Wolf's Lair which Hitler first used on 23 June 1941. Rattenhuber also traveled to Vinnytsia, Ukraine, as Hitler's Werwolf bunker was under construction to survey the area. In January 1942 he met with local SS-police leaders and civilian authorities, and ordered that the area be cleared of Jews prior to Hitler's planned arrival in summer 1942. On 10 January 1942, Rattenhuber's RSD units participated in the mass shooting of 227 Jews at Strizhavka, the actual grounds of the Werwolf site. Details of the execution were reported to Rattenhuber by his deputy, SS-''Sturmbannführer'' Friedrich Schmidt. Additional massacres of Jews and POW laborers who worked on the construction of the Werwolf headquarters occurred on the eve of Hitler's arrival in July 1942. Rattenhuber authorized local SS-police forces to initiate and order these executions, which were carried out under the guise of "security measures."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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